Who built Jantar Mantar and what is its story?

Sawai Jai Singh was the most majestic king of the Kachwaha dynasty of Amer, Maharaja Jai ​​Singh established a new city of Sawai Jai city in 1717 and it was based on the principles of very beautiful, well-organized, convenient and craftsmanship located just six miles from Amer. It was also known as Jaipur. Sawai Jai Singh, the creator of the observatories at Kashi Delhi Ujjain Mathura and Jaipur, for the incomparable and most accurate calculations of his time, was not only a prolific ruler and heroic commander but also a noted astronomer and scholar.

He had serious authority over many languages ​​such as Sanskrit Marathi Turkish Persian Arabic. In addition to Indian texts, in mathematics, geometry, astronomy and astrology, he had studied the scientific methods described in many foreign texts and adopted some after self-examination. In the country and abroad, he called big scholars and subject experts of astronomy in Jaipur. Honored them and settled here by giving them respect. Sawai Jai Singh, after the untimely death of his father Maharaja Bishan Singh, sat on the throne of Amber on 24 January 1717 at the young age of eleven.

Aurangzeb gave him the verbal title of Sawai, which symbolically means that he was one and a quarter times more intelligent and heroic than his contemporaries. It is said that when the young Sawai Jaisingh first appeared in the court of Emperor Aurangzeb, he gave him this title in view of his presence and cleverness. In fact, Jai Singh's real name was Vijay Sing, which was changed to Aurangzeb and it was Aurangzeb who made him sit on the throne of Amer. Aurangzeb's younger brother Cheema ji was also renamed as Vijay Singh. Maharaja Jai ​​Singh did a great job in city-building and astronomy despite being involved in war and politics. Sawai Jai Singh built the Taal katora pond, built the Jal Mahal in the Mansagar lake. The ancient Kachhawa Fort revived the place. The palace parts of Amer such as the first one were expanded and the palace of Sudarshan Garh was also built, which is also called the fort of Nahargarh today. To develop various art skills, factories were set up, namely separate departments. On Agra Road outside the city, he built a summer garden and palace for his Sisodia queen. He also built the temple of Kalki in the city and the temple of Lord Vishnu near the Yajna pillar. To the north of the old palace of the Chandra Mahal in Jaipur is the temple of Govind Devji, the deity of the Jaipur King. The huge observatory, also known as Janthamantar, is also present here in the world. 

Sawai Jaisingh, the creator of these huge instruments for calculating the huge stone instruments and planetary constellations, had a keen interest in mathematics and astronomy since childhood, but the great credit for initiating Maharaj like Astronomy goes to Pandit Jagannath Samrat. . Contributing to the Indian astrological science, the Marathi respected scholar appointed to teach the Veda to the king, Emperor Jagannath composed the Siddhanta Kaustubh and also translated Euclid's geometry from Arabic to Sanskrit. Sawai Jai Singh, following his mentor, realized that the brass of metallic astronomers of European scientists mentioned by Newton and Adi often caused differences in calculations due to weather temperature wear etc. That is why he first made huge calculating instruments in the observatory of Delhi in 17 to 24 AD, except metal, made of lime and carved stone. Then in the same way, in 17 to 34 in Jaipur and in Mathura Banaras and Ujjain between 1732 and 1734, in the guidance of his architect Vidyadhar, he also developed advanced instruments Samrat Yantra Small pulse ring ring, Kanti Vriksha Yantra Yantra.

The state built new observatories with South Purifier mural instruments, advanced agricultural machines, Jai Prakash instruments, Samrat instruments, long breath instruments, Kapali ring instruments, Rashi rings, instruments, chakra instruments, Ram instruments, Shri Ganesh instruments, etc. Mathura's observatory has been destroyed. The observatories at Kashi and Ujjain are on the verge of destruction, but now only the observatories of Jaipur and a little Delhi remind him of his scientific personality. He asked for the texts written in Greece, Central Asia and Europe along with Indian astronomy and the instruments that were made and used in testing. This monument has been included in the World Heritage List, considering the Indian learning of the study of celestial phenomena as wonderful. On the basis of the calculation of these instruments, even today the local almanac of Jaipur is published and every year on the Ashada Purnima, astronomers predict the rainfall coming from the wind perception process. In India, as before, there was no major or remarkable work done in astronomy for many decades, even centuries. Sawai fulfilled this cultural vacuum.