India has a very broad history and its monuments are very famous in the world. More than 1000 forts and 2 million temples were built in India and among them, UNESCO declared 38 monuments as world heritage sites which includes 30 cultural sites, 7 natural properties, and 1 mixed site.
The UNESCO world heritage sites in India are:
21. Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi
Qutub Minar is a "victory tower" made by Qutubuddin Aibak in the year 1199. It is part of the Qutub complex. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Mehrauli area of New Delhi, India since 1993. The height of Qutub Minar is 72.5 meters, which is the highest tower in the world made of bricks.
22. Mountain Railways of India
The Mountain Railways of India represent a collective listing of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalka-Shimla Railway under the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Two railways, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (1881) and the Kalka-Shimla Railway (1898) are located in the rugged hill regions of the Himalayas of Northern India, and the other two, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway (1908) and the Matheran Hill Railway (1907) are located in the rugged hill regions of the Western Ghats of Southern India. The World Heritage UNESCO recognition of these mountain railways of India has been stated as being "outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions for the problem of establishing an effective rail link through a rugged, mountainous terrain". The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was recognized first in 1999, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway followed suite as an extension to the site in 2005, and in 2008 the Kalka–Shimla Railway was further added as an extension, and the three together have been titled as Mountain Railways of India.
23. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya
The Mahabodhi Temple or the Mahabodhi Mahavihar is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is an ancient, but much rebuilt and restored, Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya. It is also known as marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment. Bodh Gaya is about 96 km away from Patna, Bihar state, India. UNESCO declared it as a world heritage site in 2002 and its construction was started in the 3rd century BC and further changes were done in the 5th and 6th century AD and 19th century.
24. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the prehistoric Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period and it is located in Madhya Pradesh. It exhibits the earliest traces of human life in India and evidence of the Stone Age starting at the site in the Acheulian times. It is considered 30,000 years old and UNESCO declared it a world heritage site in 2003.
25. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus)
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, also known as Victoria Terminus under its former name, is a historic terminal train station. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site declared in 2007 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The terminus was designed by British-origin architectural engineer Frederick William Stevens in an extraordinary Italian Gothic style and was built in the year 1887-1888.
26. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park located in Panchmahal district, Gujarat. It is located around the historical city of Champaner, a city that was built by the most prominent king of the Chavda Dynasty, Vanraj Chavda. It is declared a UNESCO world heritage site in the year 2004.
27. Red Fort Complex
The Red Fort is a historic fort in the Indian city of Delhi. It served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors. Emperor Shah Jahan began construction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. UNESCO declared it a world heritage site in the year 2007.
28. The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
The Jantar Mantar is a collection of 19 astronomical instruments and it was built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II who is also the founder of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The monument was completed in the year 1734. It is the world's largest stone sundial. UNESCO declared it a world heritage site in the year 2010. It is located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal in Jaipur, Rajasthan.
29. The Western Ghats
The Western Ghats, also known as Sahyadris, is a mountain range that covers an area of 160,000 sq km covering an area of 1,600 km parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, covering Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. UNESCO declared it a world heritage site in the year 2012.
30. Hill Forts of Rajasthan
The hill forts of Rajasthan are a series of sites located on the rocky areas of the Aravalli mountain range in Rajasthan. They represent a type of Rajput military hill architecture, a style that is characteristic of hilltop settings, utilizing the defensive qualities of the locality. These hill forts of Rajasthan represent the Rajput military strongholds in a vast range of geographical and cultural areas. The number of hill forts is said to express the development of Rajput defensive architecture and are examples of Rajput military architecture. Rajput forts are known for their defensive architecture. They encircle large territories and even complete villages in walled premises. The property includes Chittor Fort, Kumbhalgarh Fort, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amer Fort, Jaisalmer Fort. These fort complexes include palaces, Hindu and Jain temples, urban centers and trading centers. Due to the variety of structures built in each hill fort, only the most important elements of each complex are described. UNESCO declared them world heritage sites in 2013.
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